Quarterly estimated taxes, made simple
When no one withholds tax from your income, the IRS expects you to pay during the year. Here's who has to, when, and how much.
Who has to pay
If you expect to owe $1,000 or more for the year after withholding, you're expected to make estimated payments. That's most freelancers and sole proprietors with a profit.
2026 due dates
- April 15, 2026
- June 15, 2026
- September 15, 2026
- January 15, 2027
How much
Pay a quarter of this year's expected tax each time, or use the safe harbor: pay 100% of last year's total tax in four parts (110% if your income was over $150,000) and you won't be penalized, even if you end up owing more.
What it covers
Estimated tax covers income tax and self-employment tax together. A rough guide is 25% to 30% of profit for federal tax, plus your state's income tax.
General information for 2026 from IRS Form 1040-ES. State estimated taxes have their own rules.